- 41 -                                         
          Densification System (Regenolux), Buss-Condux Plastcompactor, and           
          Cumberland Granulator.12  See Provizer v. Commissioner, T.C.                
          Memo. 1992-177.  Friedman did not explain what Hirshfield and               
          Trost did, if anything, to become aware of competing plastics               
          recyclers, aside from their visit to PI.                                    
               Friedman acknowledged that he is "sophisticated enough to              
          know that in any tax investment the underlying economics have to            
          be legitimate", and he stipulated to the effect that he                     
          understood that the purported value of the Sentinel EPE recycler            
          generated the tax benefits he claimed on his return.  He also               
          understood from Parker, the partner "primarily responsible" for             
          reviewing the tax aspects of the Plastics Recycling transactions,           
          that the tax benefits were supportable provided "that from a                
          business point of view this was a good economic investment".                
          Nonetheless, Friedman stipulated that he never saw a Sentinel EPE           
          recycler, or investigated the uniqueness of the machine, or                 
          investigated whether the value placed on the recycler was bona              
          fide, or investigated whether there were any other machines that            
          were designed to recycle low density polyethylene.  Friedman's              
          testimony about his modest investigation prior to investing in              
          12   Petitioners Alter and Friedman each stipulated to the                  
          availability of the Foremost Densilator, Nelmor/Weiss                       
          Densification System (Regenolux), Buss-Condux Plastcompactor, and           
          Cumberland Granulator during 1981.                                          
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