- 21 -                                         
          agency under rule 803(8) of the Federal Rules of Evidence.  The             
          cases respondent cites all involve written documents.  See Yaich            
          v. United States, 283 F.2d 613, 616 (9th Cir. 1960) (selective              
          service file); Olender v. United States, 210 F.2d 795, 801-802              
          (9th Cir. 1954) (file containing affidavits, investigator                   
          reports, and bank reports); Wong Wing Foo v. McGrath, 196 F.2d              
          120, 123 (9th Cir. 1952) (transcript of an administrative                   
          hearing); Vanadium Corp. of Am. v. Fidelity & Deposit Co., 159              
          F.2d 105, 108-109 (2d Cir. 1947) (written interdepartmental                 
          communications).  Contrary to respondent's position, Professor              
          Wigmore concludes that a statement should be in writing to be               
          admitted under the common law public records exception.  Wigmore            
          on Evidence, sec. 1633(5), at 623 (1974).                                   
               We conclude that Hodges' and Hogue's oral testimony is not             
          admissible under rule 803(8)(C) of the Federal Rules of Evidence.           
               3.   Whether Hodges' and Hogue's Oral Testimony Is                     
                    Admissible Under Rule 803(24) of the Federal Rules                
                    of Evidence, the Residual Exception to the Hearsay Rule           
                    a.   Background                                                   
               Respondent contends that Hodges' and Hogue's testimony is              
          admissible under rule 803(24) of the Federal Rules of Evidence,2            
               2 Fed. R. Evid. 803(24) provides an exception to the hearsay           
          rule for:                                                                   
               A statement not specifically covered by any of                         
               the foregoing exceptions but having equivalent                         
               circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness, if                       
               the court determines that (A) the statement is                         
                                                             (continued...)           
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