Norton M. Bowman - Page 9

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          supra at 1124.  Furthermore, when a transaction involves a                  
          closely held corporation, the form and labels assigned to the               
          transaction may not have much significance because the parties              
          can mold the transaction to their will.  Anchor Natl. Life Ins.             
          Co. v. Commissioner, 93 T.C. 382, 407 (1989).  It is the                    
          substance of the transaction, rather than the form, that controls           
          for tax purposes.  Road Materials, Inc. v. Commissioner, supra at           
          1124.                                                                       
               Circumstances other than the form of the loan indicate that            
          the substance of the 1981 transaction did not accord with its               
          form.  The note was payable on demand and did not have a fixed              
          maturity date because, as petitioner explained, he was unsure               
          when business conditions would enable Associates to resume                  
          operations.  The absence of a fixed maturity date indicates that            
          repayment was tied to the fortunes of the business, which                   
          suggests that the 1981 transaction effected a contribution to               
          Associates' capital.  In re Lane, 742 F.2d 1311, 1316 (11th Cir.            

          4  (...continued)                                                           
          line, petitioner may have stepped into the shoes of the bank as             
          Associates' creditor pursuant to the equitable doctrine of                  
          subrogation.  The question whether the 1981 transaction was a               
          loan or effected a contribution to Associates' capital must be              
          resolved based on whether or not, considering all of the                    
          circumstances in the record, petitioner intended to create a                
          debtor-creditor relationship between Associates and himself.  In            
          re Lane, 742 F.2d 1311, 1319-1320 (11th Cir. 1984); Santa Anita             
          Consol., Inc. v. Commissioner, 50 T.C. 536, 550 (1968); Kavich v.           
          United States, 507 F. Supp. 1339, 1342 n.2 (D. Neb. 1981).                  
          Petitioner admits as much on brief.  Moreover, petitioner cannot            
          use the doctrine to appropriate for himself the bank's status as            
          a bona fide creditor of Associates.                                         




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