Paul Garfinkle - Page 5

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          length between unrelated parties.  The advanced royalty                     
          obligations of the S-J partnerships ran in favor of and the                 
          payments were to be made to Prodamat, N.V. and Bombardon                    
          Investments, N.V., corporations controlled by petitioner and                
          Osserman.                                                                   
               The S-J partnerships never entered into mining agreements              
          with mining contractors, owned any mining equipment, employed               
          coal operators, or obtained rail siding to transport coal.                  
          During the time the S-J partnerships owned the leases, no coal              
          was mined or sold on the property.                                          
               The lease transactions through which the S-J partnerships              
          acquired mining leases in the property occurred on or after                 
          November 1, 1976.  Material documents relating to the lease                 
          transactions were backdated to either October 25, 1976 or                   
          October 28, 1976, in order to attempt to establish the ownership            
          interests of the S-J partnerships in the property prior to                  
          October 29, 1976, the effective date of a change in Federal law             
          eliminating the deductibility of advanced royalty payments made             
          in years in which no mineral is sold.  In a deposition given as             
          part of a plea agreement in a criminal proceeding relating to               
          petitioner's promotion of the S-J partnerships, petitioner                  
          admitted that documents were backdated at his request.                      
               Outside consultants hired by S-J partnerships to determine             
          the feasibility of mining coal on the leased property identified            





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