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          whom were also investing in Clearwater or related plastics                  
          partnerships.  We have not been convinced that these were any               
          more than half-hearted inquiries, or that any of these other                
          individuals were qualified to opine on the profitability of the             
          transaction.  See id.                                                       
          Petitioners also assert that because of petitioner’s                        
          background, it was reasonable for them to rely simply on the                
          Clearwater offering memorandum, including the reports of                    
          Burstein, Ulanoff, and the tax opinion prepared by WMDI.                    
          Petitioners claim that petitioner was sufficiently knowledgeable            
          to decipher those reports and to find their conclusions                     
          reasonable.  Petitioners contend that after reading those                   
          reports, petitioner concluded that the reports were accurate, and           
          that there was nothing more an independent expert, or independent           
          research, could tell petitioners that was not already in these              
          reports.                                                                    
               We think it unreasonable for an educated and sophisticated             
          investor, such as petitioner, to conclude that an independent               
          expert cannot evaluate a deal more objectively than the                     
          individuals retained by insiders to draft the offering memorandum           
          and the tax opinions contained therein.  “It is unreasonable for            
          taxpayers to rely on the advice of someone who they should know             
          has a conflict of interest.”  Id. at 59; see Goldman v.                     
          Commissioner, 39 F.3d at 408; LaVerne v. Commissioner, 94 T.C.              
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