Steve M. and Khristine Norton, et al. - Page 16




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          Denali Lands Trust and the Denali Company Trust lacked economic             
          substance and are shams for tax purposes.                                   
               A.   Did the Taxpayer’s Relationship, as Grantor to the                
                    Property, Differ Materially Before and After the                  
                    Formation of the Trusts?                                          
               We find that Mr. and Mrs. Norton’s relationship, as grantors           
          to the property, did not differ materially before and after the             
          formation of the trusts.7                                                   
               Before the formation of the trusts, Mr. Norton operated SNE            
          as a sole proprietorship.  Mr. Norton testified that, after the             
          formation of the trusts, his day-to-day conduct of SNE was the              
          same as before the formation of the trusts.  Additionally, with             
          regard to the Denali Company Trust, the trustees approved a                 
          resolution that allowed Mr. Norton to “lend” his name,                      
          reputation, goodwill, good credit standing, licenses, and                   
          authorizations to the Denali Company Trust.  In essence, the                
          Denali Company Trust was SNE and operated as such.  Further, the            
          Denali Company Trust would transfer its funds to SNE’s business             
          account that would allow Mr. Norton to sign checks in order to              
          pay bills and purchase items for business and personal use.  Mr.            
          Norton still had access to SNE’s funds, even after SNE’s assets             
          were transferred to the Denali Company Trust.                               


               7  Mr. and Mrs. Norton are listed as the grantors on the               
          South Denali Lands Trust.  Crystal Diversified Trust is listed as           
          the grantor of the Denali Company Trust.  The parties stipulated            
          that Mr. and Mrs. Norton are the grantors of the Denali Company             
          Trust.                                                                      





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