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          the first year.  Id. at 541-542.  A taxpayer gaining governmental           
          benefits on the basis of a representation or an asserted position           
          is thereafter estopped from taking a contrary position in an                
          effort to avoid taxes.  Id. at 542.  Respondent has the burden of           
          proof on this issue because the duty of consistency is an                   
          affirmative defense.  Rule 142(a)(1); see Cluck v. Commissioner,            
          supra at 331 n.11.                                                          
               The taxpayer’s duty of consistency applies if:  (1) The                
          taxpayer made a representation of fact or reported an item for              
          tax purposes in one tax year; (2) the Commissioner acquiesced in            
          or relied on that fact for that year; and (3) the taxpayer                  
          desires to change the representation previously made in a later             
          tax year after the earlier year has been closed by the statute of           
          limitations.  LeFever v. Commissioner, supra at 543; see also               
          Kielmar v. Commissioner, 884 F.2d 959, 965 (7th Cir. 1989);                 
          Herrington v. Commissioner, 854 F.2d 755, 758 (5th Cir. 1988),              
          affg. Glass v. Commissioner, 87 T.C. 1087 (1986); Shook v. United           
          States, 713 F.2d 662, 667 (11th Cir. 1983); Hess v. United                  
          States, 210 Ct. Cl. 483, 537 F.2d 457, 463 (1976); Beltzer v.               
          United States, 495 F.2d 211, 212 (8th Cir. 1974); Estate of Letts           
          v. Commissioner, supra at 297; Cluck v. Commissioner, supra at              
          332.  When these requirements are met, respondent may act as if             
          the previous representation is true, even if it is not, and the             
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