Peter K. Chow - Page 8

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          Cir. 1989), affg. 92 T.C. 180 (1989).  The determination of                 
          whether petitioner’s securities activities during the year in               
          issue constituted a trade or business is a question of fact.                
          Higgins v. Commissioner, 312 U.S. 212, 217 (1941); Estate of                
          Yaeger v. Commissioner, supra at 33; Paoli v. Commissioner, T.C.            
          Memo. 1991-351.                                                             
               “In determining whether a taxpayer in a securities activity            
          is engaged in a trade or business, courts have distinguished                
          between ‘traders’, who are in a trade or business, and                      
          ‘investors’, who are not.”  Mayer v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo.               
          1994-209 (and the cases cited therein.)  Managing security                  
          investments, no matter what the extent or scope of such activity,           
          is seen as the work of a mere investor, “not the trade or                   
          business of a trader.”  Estate of Yaeger v. Commissioner, supra             
          at 34; see also Whipple v. Commissioner, 373 U.S. 193, 202                  
          (1963); Higgins v. Commissioner, supra at 217; Paoli v.                     
          Commissioner, supra; Beals v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1987-171.            
          The outcome is the same notwithstanding the amount of time the              
          individual devotes to the activity.  Even “full-time market                 
          activity in managing and preserving one’s own estate is not                 
          embraced within the phrase ‘carrying on a business’ and * * *               
          salaries and other expenses incident to the operation are not               
          deductible as having been paid or incurred in a trade or                    
          business.”  Commissioner v. Groetzinger, supra at 30.  However,             






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