- 37 -                                        
                    a.   Hours Relating to “Intervention”                             
               Izen allocates 147.51 hours of his time to “intervention”,             
          which we take to include not only his efforts to include in the             
          Adair appeal hundreds of nontest cases that had never been                  
          consolidated with the test cases,23 but also time relating to               
          Jones’s belated attempt to intervene in the test case appeal on             
          behalf of the Cerasolis.  We have previously described Izen’s own           
          intervention efforts as “unsuccessful and unnecessary”.  Dixon v.           
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2006-97 n.42.  In response to that                 
          characterization, the Izen petitioners assert in their latest               
          filing that                                                                 
               Izen was successful in at least establishing before the                
               Ninth Circuit that the prospective Intervenors which                   
               were denied intervention status before this Court[24] had              
               an interest in this case which entitled them to appeal.                
               Further, it was never clear in this proceeding that the                
               test cases were, at all times, adequate representatives                
               of the prospective intervenors or the * * *                            
               [participating nontest case petitioners]. * * *                        
               The assertion that Izen “[established] before the Ninth                
          Circuit that the prospective Intervenors * * * [were] entitled              
          23 We distinguish those efforts from actions necessary to                   
          preserve the participation rights of the Adairs, whose case was             
          included in our certification order.  See infra note 36.                    
          24 In September and October 1992, after this Court had                      
          entered decisions in the Thompson and Cravens cases, Izen and               
          Sticht filed motions for leave to intervene in those cases on               
          behalf of numerous nontest case petitioners, which we denied.               
          See Adair v. Commissioner, 26 F.3d 129 (9th Cir. 1994)                      
          (dismissing appeal of that denial).  Respondent notes that Izen’s           
          lists of “prospective intervenors” in the Thompson/Cravens cases            
          and the test case appeal, respectively, are photocopies of the              
          same document.                                                              
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