- 40 -                                        
                    b.   Hours Subject to “Billing Judgment” Inference                
               Although we accept Izen’s contention that the time charges             
          he excluded from the Sjostrom bill are bona fide, see supra Part            
          III.C.1.b., his exclusion of those charges undermines his claim             
          that the additional hours are properly chargeable to the                    
          Government.  Just as a recent arm’s-length sale of property is a            
          reliable indicator of that property’s fair market value, see,               
          e.g., Huber v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2006-96, a                          
          contemporaneous invoice is a reliable indicator of the “hours               
          reasonably expended” aspect of the lodestar calculation.  As the            
          Supreme Court recognized in Hensley v. Eckerhart, supra at 434:             
               “In the private sector, ‘billing judgment’ is an                       
               important component in fee setting.  It is no less                     
               important here.  Hours that are not properly billed to                 
               one’s client also are not properly billed to one’s                     
               adversary pursuant to statutory authority.”  Copeland                  
               v. Marshall, 205 U.S. App. D.C. 390, 401, 641 F.2d 880,                
               891 (1980) (en banc).                                                  
               We believe it likely that most of the discrepancies between            
          the Sjostrom bill and the Izen fee request are attributable to              
          Izen’s exercise of billing judgment.  Indeed, except as noted in            
          the next paragraph, the new entries in the fee request (and                 
          existing entries with time increases) relate to procedural or               
          peripheral matters, administrative tasks, or other expenditures             
          of time that strike us as prime candidates for Izen’s “billing              
          judgment” cleaver.28  For instance, the fee request, but not the            
          28 One of the new entries is actually a duplicate entry for                 
                                                              (continued...)          
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