Cite as: 540 U. S. 431 (2004)
Opinion of the Court
Rafael Edward Cruz, Solicitor General of Texas, argued the cause for respondents. With him on the briefs were Greg Abbott, Attorney General, Barry R. McBee, First Assistant Attorney General, Jeffrey S. Boyd, Deputy Attorney General, and Melanie P. Sarwal, Assistant Solicitor General.*
Justice Kennedy delivered the opinion of the Court. In this case we consider whether the Eleventh Amendment bars enforcement of a federal consent decree entered into by state officials.
I
Medicaid is a cooperative federal-state program that provides federal funding for state medical services to the poor. See Wilder v. Virginia Hospital Assn., 496 U. S. 498, 502 (1990). State participation is voluntary; but once a State elects to join the program, it must administer a state plan that meets federal requirements. One requirement is that every participating State must have an Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) program. See 79 Stat. 343, as amended, 42 U. S. C. §§ 1396a(a)(43), 1396d(r). EPSDT programs provide health care services to
*David T. Goldberg filed a brief for AARP et al. as amici curiae urging reversal.
Briefs of amici curiae urging affirmance were filed for the State of Utah et al. by Mark L. Shurtleff, Attorney General of Utah, and Alain C. Balmanno and Joni J. Jones, Assistant Attorneys General, and by the Attorneys General for their respective States as follows: Ken Salazar of Colorado, M. Jane Brady of Delaware, Mark J. Bennett of Hawaii, Lawrence Wasden of Idaho, Richard P. Ieyoub of Louisiana, J. Joseph Curran, Jr., of Maryland, Michael A. Cox of Michigan, Mike Moore of Mississippi, Brian Sandoval of Nevada, Peter W. Heed of New Hampshire, Wayne Stenehjem of North Dakota, W. A. Drew Edmondson of Oklahoma, D. Michael Fisher of Pennsylvania, Lawrence E. Long of South Dakota, Jerry Kilgore of Virginia, William H. Sorrell of Vermont, Peg Lautenschlager of Wisconsin, and Pat Crank of Wyoming; and for the National Conference of State Legislatures et al. by Richard Ruda and James I. Crowley.
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