Ex parte KOGA et al. - Page 2




          Appeal No. 1996-2198                                                        
          Application 08/077,506                                                      



                                 DECISION ON APPEAL                                   
               This is an appeal from the final rejection of claims 1-5,              
          all of the pending claims, under the first and second                       
          paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. § 112 and under § 103.  We reverse.                 


          A.  The invention                                                           
               The invention at issue is described by appellants as an                
          improvement in reference pattern generators using the hidden                
          Markov model (HMM) and more particularly as an improvement in               
          Rabiner-Levinson-type speech recognition systems (Brief at 3).              


               By way of background, appellant's brief describes HMMs                 
          having a discrete number of states N and a discrete number of               
          symbols M (Brief at 9).  A particular HMM is defined by:                    
               (1) A, the state transition probability distribution {a }              
                                                                      ij              
          which defines the probability that the next state would be j,               
          given that the current state is i;                                          
               (2) B, the occurrence probability distribution {b (k)}                 
                                                                j                     
          which defines the probability of observing (k) given that the               
          state is j; and                                                             

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