Ex parte BAUMANN et al. - Page 7


          Appeal No. 1999-0130                                                       
          Application No. 08/439,035                                                 


          1999) ("[T]he best defense against the subtle but powerful                 
          attraction of a hindsight-based obviousness analysis is rigorous           
          application of the requirement for a showing of the teaching or            
          motivation to combine prior art references.").                             
               Not only is there no teaching, motivation, or suggestion to           
          combine the references, there is also no indication that one of            
          ordinary skill in the art would have had a reasonable                      
          expectation of success in replacing the alloys described in                
          Nishikawa with the recited alloys as proposed by the examiner.             
          Vaeck, 947 F.2d at 493, 20 USPQ2d at 1442; In re O=Farrell, 853            
          F.2d 894, 904, 7 USPQ2d 1673, 1681 (Fed. Cir. 1988).                       
               Thus, it is our judgment that the examiner has not                    
          established a prima facie case of obviousness within the meaning           
          of 35 U.S.C. § 103.  As a consequence, we cannot uphold the                
          examiner's rejection on this ground.                                       
               With respect to the examiner's rejection based on Habu or             
          Erickson in view of either Nishikawa or Ward, the examiner                 
          states:                                                                    
               The processes of Habu and Erickson differ from those                  
               as recited in the appealed claims in that Habu and                    
               Erickson do not recite the required "roll casting"                    
               step of the appealed claims followed by cold rolling                  
               without an intermediate thermal treatment.  Nishikawa                 
               and Ward both indicate that such preliminary steps in                 
               forming aluminum alloy sheets are conventional in the                 
               art...Given that all of the cited prior art is drawn                  

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