Ex parte ISHIKAWA et al. - Page 11




          Appeal No. 1999-2713                                      Page 11           
          Application No. 08/801,805                                                  


          scatter the light L.  The examiner and appellants agree that                
          APA does not disclose a roughened emitter surface.                          
               From the disclosure of Endo of using a 90% to 95%                      
          transmissivity guide element or transparent glass, and                      
          providing a roughened emission surface to scatter light at the              
          emission surface, we find no reason why a skilled artisan                   
          would have been led to provide the light guide of APA with a                
          roughened emission surface, because APA uses fine particles in              
          the light guide to scatter the light.  Endo needs the                       
          roughened emission surface to scatter the light because of the              
          high transmissivity of the light guide.  Since the light in                 
          APA is already scattered by the fine particles within the                   
          light guide, there is no need to scatter the light at the                   
          emission surface, where the prism 5 corrects the directivity.               
          In addition, Endo uses a roughened emission surface to                      
          compensate for non-uniformity of brightness due to the use of               
          light sources at both ends of the light guide.  Because APA                 
          does not have light sources at both ends of the light guide,                
          we find that an artisan would not have been led to provide a                
          roughened surface on the emitter surface for the additional                 









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