Ex Parte Rafal et al - Page 4

                  Appeal 2006-3144                                                                                         
                  Application 09/778,281                                                                                   
                                                               ISSUE                                                       
                  Under 35 U.S.C § 103(a), has the Examiner established a prima facie                                      
                  case of obviousness based on Tatham taken in combination with Maurille                                   
                  with respect to claims 1, 2, 6-10, and 12 with the further addition of Sluiman                           
                  with respect to claims 3-5 and 11?                                                                       

                                               PRINCIPLES OF LAW                                                           
                         As a general proposition in an appeal involving a rejection under                                 
                  35 U.S.C. § 103, an Examiner is under a burden to make out a prima facie                                 
                  case of obviousness.  If that burden is met, the burden of going forward then                            
                  shifts to Appellant to overcome the prima facie case with argument and/or                                
                  evidence.  Obviousness is then determined on the basis of the evidence as a                              
                  whole and the relative persuasiveness of the arguments.  See In re Oetiker,                              
                  977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1992); In re                                        
                  Hedges, 783 F.2d 1038, 1039, 228 USPQ 685, 686 (Fed. Cir. 1986); and In                                  
                  re Piasecki, 745 F.2d 1468, 1472, 223 USPQ 785, 788 (Fed. Cir. 1984).  ).                                
                  Furthermore, “‘there must be some articulated reasoning with some rational                               
                  underpinning to support the legal conclusion of obviousness’ . . . [H]owever,                            
                  the analysis need not seek out precise teachings directed to the specific                                
                  subject matter of the challenged claim, for a court can take account of the                              
                  inferences and creative steps that a person of ordinary skill in the art would                           
                  employ.”  KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 127 S. Ct. 1727, 1741, 82 USPQ2d                               
                  1385, 1396 (2007) (quoting In re Kahn, 441 F.3d 977, 988, 78 USPQ2d                                      
                  1329, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2006)).                                                                            




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