Appeal 2007-4101
Application 09/962,972
PRINCIPLES OF LAW, FACTS, ISSUES and ANALYSES
Under 35 U.S.C. § 103, the factual inquiry into obviousness requires a
determination of: (1) the scope and content of the prior art; (2) the
differences between the claimed subject matter and the prior art; (3) the level
of ordinary skill in the art; and (4) secondary considerations (e.g.,
unexpected results). Graham v. John Deere Co. of Kansas City, 383 U.S. 1,
17-18, 148 USPQ 459, 467(1966). “[A]nalysis [of whether the subject
matter of a claim would be obvious] need not seek out precise teachings
directed to the specific subject matter of the challenged claim, for a court
can take account of the inferences and creative steps that a person of
ordinary skill in the art would employ.” KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex, Inc.,
127 S. Ct. 1727, 1740-41, 82 USPQ2d 1385, 1396 (2007) quoting In re
Kahn, 441 F.3d 977, 988, 78 USPQ2d 1329, 1336-37 (Fed. Cir. 2006); see
also DyStar Textilfarben GmBH & Co. Deutschland KG v. C.H. Patrick Co.,
464 F.3d 1356, 1361, 80 USPQ2d 1641, 1645 (Fed. Cir. 2006)(“The
motivation need not be found in the references sought to be combined, but
may be found in any number of sources, including common knowledge, the
prior art as a whole, or the nature of the problem itself.”); In re Bozek,
416 F.2d 1385, 1390, 163 USPQ 545, 549 (CCPA 1969)(“Having
established that this knowledge was in the art, the examiner could then
properly rely, as put forth by the solicitor, on a conclusion of obviousness
‘from common knowledge and common sense of the person of ordinary skill
in the art without any specific hint or suggestion in a particular reference.’”).
As evidence of obviousness of the subject matter defined by claims
1 through 4, 8, 9, 13, and 16 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a), the Examiner has
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