- 54 -                                         
          546, 551 (1973); Amerada Hess Corp. v. Commissioner, 517 F.2d at            
          83; Estate of Hall v. Commissioner, 92 T.C. 312, 335 (1989); sec.           
          20.2031-1(b), Estate Tax Regs.  The buyer and the seller are                
          hypothetical, and their characteristics are not necessarily the             
          same as the personal characteristics of the actual seller or of a           
          particular buyer.  Propstra v. United States, 680 F.2d 1248,                
          1251-1252 (9th Cir. 1982); Estate of Bright v. United States, 658           
          F.2d 999, 1005-1006 (5th Cir. 1981); Estate of Jung v.                      
          Commissioner, 101 T.C. 412, 437-438 (1993).                                 
               Petitioners contend that for purposes of ascertaining the              
          amount realized from the sale of the stock of the Subsidiaries to           
          HealthTrust the fair market value of the Securities as of                   
          September 17, 1987, was $299,500,000.  As an alternative argument           
          to the Danielson rule, respondent contends that the fair market             
          value of the Securities acquired by HCAII as partial                        
          consideration for that stock is $432,166,650 as of September 17,            
          1987 (i.e., the values J.C. Bradford assigned to them).                     
               Expert Testimony                                                       
               In support of their position, petitioners presented the                
          expert testimony of Charles T. Harris III (Mr. Harris), a partner           
          in Goldman Sachs and the team leader for the Goldman Sachs                  
          Valuation.  At trial, respondent presented no expert testimony as           
          to the fair market value of the Securities.12  As a substitute,             
          12  At trial, respondent sought to subpoena as an expert witness            
          Robert S. Doolittle (Mr. Doolittle), a partner in J.C. Bradford &           
                                                                (continued...)        
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