J.J. Zand - Page 172

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          Corporation, CDC, and various Florida real estate projects                  
          involving other corporate entities in the later years.  The more            
          frequently named individuals who fall into this category include            
          Mr. and Mrs. Khalatbari, Dr. Fallah, Olin Atkins, Hossein                   
          Zanganeh, and Bill McCabe, as well as representatives of various            
          U.S. manufacturers who dealt with both Diesel Power and CTC.                
               Petitioner acknowledged that the diaries only generally                
          reflect his travel and entertainment expenses.  The diaries do              
          not reflect sundry travel expenses or minimal amounts.  Most of             
          the expenditures reflected in the diaries are for amounts in                
          excess of $25; many of the expenses shown for hotel bills,                  
          dinners, and entertaining are for hundreds of dollars, with no              
          supporting documentation as to either the amount or the business            
          purpose.                                                                    
               Alternatively, the substantiation requirements of section              
          274(d) can be satisfied by a taxpayer's oral or written statement           
          supported by "other corroborative evidence".  Other corroborative           
          evidence can take two forms:  (1) Oral or written testimony of              
          third persons with actual knowledge of the expenditures or (2)              
          documentary evidence subject to the same requirements imposed               
          under the "adequate records" test.  Sec. 1.274-5(c)(3), Income              
          Tax Regs.  In our opinion petitioner has not complied with this             
          alternative substantiation method.  Several persons named in his            
          diaries did testify at trial, but none corroborated any meeting             





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