The Kroger Company and Subsidiaries - Page 33

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                  F.  Shrinkage Accruals and LIFO                                                     
                  The shrinkage accruals made by the retailers were only                              
            estimates, and because they were estimates, they were subject to                          
            error.  We have found that errors in estimating shrinkage                                 
            accruals were subject to correction in the subsequent year                                
            because of the addition of the prior year’s shrinkage accrual to                          
            the subsequent year’s ending inventory.  Respondent argues,                               
            however, that the additional demands associated with the                                  
            retailers’ use of LIFO “compounds” the errors inherent in making                          
            shrinkage accruals.                                                                       
                  Respondent presents the expert testimony of David W. LaRue,                         
            Ph.D., an associate professor of commerce at the University of                            
            Virginia, who testified to, among other things, the “tax effects”                         
            resulting from the accrual of erroneous estimates of undetected                           
            shrinkage for the KFS division.  Dr. LaRue examined the KFS                               
            division’s practice of making shrinkage accruals.  He designed                            
            simulation models to analyze shrinkage estimation errors under                            
            the retail dollar value LIFO method used by the KFS division.  He                         
            concluded that the process of making subsequent year corrections                          
            was inadequate because of changes in factors such as LIFO                                 
            inflation adjustment factors and retail method cost complement                            
            factors.  Respondent also presented the report and testimony of                           
            William R. Sutherland, Esq., an attorney and accountant.                                  
            Mr. Sutherland came to essentially the same conclusions for                               
            Superx that Dr. LaRue came to for the KFS division.                                       




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