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          We do not intend by our ruling to stifle the enthusiasm or chill            
          the creativity of counsel for taxpayers in this Court.  We simply           
          expect petitioner’s counsel to read the authorities she cites for           
          us, to perform sufficient legal research to assure that her                 
          arguments are not bogus, and to explain the reasoning behind her            
          arguments.                                                                  
               We recognize that petitioner originally appeared in this               
          case by filing his petition pro se.  Petitioner’s counsel                   
          appeared on his behalf shortly after this case was set for trial.           
          Some of the frivolous arguments that petitioner’s counsel                   
          advanced during and after trial were originally contained in the            
          petition, such as the “Delpit” issue and the validity of the                
          trusts for Federal income tax purposes.  Others were added after            
          her appearance, such as the “Scar” and “Agency” issues.  We, of             
          course, should not and do not hold petitioner’s counsel                     
          responsible for positions taken by petitioner before counsel’s              
          appearance.  However, once counsel appears in the case, counsel             
          has an obligation to proceed in accordance with the applicable              
          rules of professional conduct.  An attorney cannot advance                  
          frivolous arguments to this Court with impunity, even if those              
          arguments were initially developed by the client.  Petitioner’s             
          counsel is liable only for the results of her own improper                  
          conduct, and is not liable for actions taken by petitioner before           
          her appearance in the case.                                                 
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