N. Joseph Calarco - Page 4

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               yieldings of the earth that could be eaten.  Expressive                
               signs of what made them poor, were not wanting; the tax                
               for the state, the tax for the church, the tax for the                 
               lord, tax local and tax general, were to be paid here                  
               and to be paid there, according to solemn inscription                  
               in the little village, until the wonder was, that there                
               was any village left unswallowed.5                                     
               Taxation has also sparked creativity in newer literary                 
          genres.  See It’s a Privilege on Urinetown: The Musical (RCA                
          Victor) (musical re excise tax); J. Kornbluth, Love and Taxes               
          (staged monologue re income tax) (unpublished manuscript, 2003).            
          Tax collecting jobs have helped finance the careers of such                 
          notable revenue agents as Chaucer,6 Paine,7 and Hawthorne.8  And            
          tax records are a famously important source of information for              


               5 Charles Dickens, “A Tale of Two Cities” 119 (Everyman’s              
          Library, Knopf, 2002) (1859).                                               
               6 While Controller of the Customs, “[t]here was great                  
          variety in what [Chaucer] had to do, and he came in contact with            
          a variety of people.  He must have seen infinite venality,                  
          witnessed colorful subterfuges, heard improbable and ridiculous             
          dodges and lies and excuses.”  Donald Howard, “Chaucer” 212                 
          (1987).                                                                     
               7 “I act myself in the humble station of an officer of                 
          excise, though somewhat differently circumstanced to what many of           
          them are, and have been a principal promoter of a plan for                  
          applying to Parliament this session for an increase in salary.”             
          Letter of Thomas Paine to Oliver Goldsmith, December 21, 1772,              
          Reprinted in George Hindmarch, “Thomas Paine:  The Case of the              
          King of England And His Officers of Excise”, Published by the               
          Author in 1998, Surrey, England.                                            
               8 Indeed, it is reported that Hawthorne once contemplated              
          writing sketches entitled “Romance of the Revenue Service” and              
          “an ethical work in two volumes on the subject of Duties”, though           
          sadly neither project was ever undertaken.  Randall Stewart,                
          “Nathaniel Hawthorne, A Biography” 53  (Archon Books, 1970).                





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