Orneal and Martha Kooyers, et al. - Page 42

                                       - 42 -                                         
          Estate of Young v. Commissioner, 110 T.C. 297, 317 (1998); Am.              
          Props., Inc. v. Commissioner, supra; secs. 1.6662-3(a),                     
          1.6664-4(a), Income Tax Regs.  In order to so qualify, a taxpayer           
          must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that (i) the                  
          adviser was a competent professional who had sufficient expertise           
          to justify the taxpayer’s reliance on him, (ii) the taxpayer                
          provided necessary and accurate information to the adviser, and             
          (iii) the taxpayer actually relied in good faith on the adviser’s           
          judgment.  Neonatology Associates, P.A. v. Commissioner, 115 T.C.           
          43, 99 (2000), affd. 299 F.3d 221 (3d Cir. 2002); Sklar,                    
          Greenstein & Scheer, P.C. v. Commissioner, 113 T.C. 135, 144-145            
          (1999).                                                                     
               Petitioners hired Dickson because NTS recommended him for              
          his knowledge of complex trusts.  Petitioners introduced no                 
          evidence regarding Dickson’s credentials or his knowledge and               
          experience in preparing tax returns or analyzing trust                      
          arrangements for Federal income tax purposes.  Dickson was not              
          called as a witness in the trial of these cases.  In short,                 
          petitioners failed to prove that Dickson was a competent tax                
          adviser and that petitioners were justified in relying on him.              
          See Ewing v. Commissioner, 91 T.C. 396, 423, (1988), affd.                  
          without published opinion sub nom. Toll v. Commissioner, 940 F.2d           
          1536 (9th Cir. 1991); Bowen v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2001-47;            
          sec. 1.6664-4(b), Income Tax Regs.                                          






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