N. Thomas Ryan - Page 5

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                               Horse Breeding Activity                                
                   Gross                                                             
          Year        Income       Expenses        Loss1                              
          1997             ---          $28,884      ($28,884)                        
          1998             ---          31,878       (31,878)                         
          1999             ---          33,131       (33,131)                         
          1  At trial, petitioner asserted that expenses (and losses) for             
          1997 and 1998 were $24,327.81 and $32,382.45, respectively.                 
               Respondent asserts that the horse breeding activity did not            
          constitute an activity engaged in for profit under section 183,             
          and that petitioner is not entitled to those losses.  For                   
          convenience, we will combine our findings and discussion herein.            
          I.   Burden of Proof                                                        
               Generally, the burden of proof is on the taxpayer.  Rule               
          142(a)(1).  Under section 7491, the burden of proof shifts from             
          the taxpayer to the Commissioner if the taxpayer produces                   
          credible evidence with respect to any factual issue relevant to             
          ascertaining the taxpayer’s tax liability.  Sec. 7491(a)(1).                
               It appears that the examination of the years in issue                  
          commenced after the effective date of section 7491.  Petitioner             
          has conceded that he has not satisfied any of the criteria of               
          section 7491(a)(1) or (2).  We conclude that the burden of proof            
          remains on petitioner for the years in issue.                               
          II. General Background                                                      
               Petitioner was employed as a full-time emergency room                  
          physician during the tax years in issue.  He received taxable               






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