William C. and Dorothy M. Smith - Page 21




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          These losses are on top of the losses of $34,049 and $47,493 for            
          1998 and 1999.  In total, from 1998 to 2002, Mrs. Smith reported            
          losses from her direct marketing activities of $159,809.                    
               Mrs. Smith maintains that while she sustained losses during            
          the years at issue, these losses should be considered startup               
          losses because of the unforeseen circumstances that necessitated            
          finding new companies to sell for.  Mrs. Smith further asserts              
          that her business broke even in 2003 and returned profits in both           
          2004 and 2005.                                                              
               We are not persuaded that Mrs. Smith’s history of losses               
          should be discounted as startup losses because she had to switch            
          companies for which she sold because of unforeseen circumstances.           
          First, the unforeseen circumstance with respect to Mrs. Smith’s             
          ceasing to sell for Renaissance was Renaissance’s having been               
          shut down by the Kansas State authorities.  Further, we find that           
          characterizing these losses as being startup in nature is not               
          supported by the record.  Mrs. Smith moved from company to                  
          company without any apparent analysis of the costs associated               
          with selling for a new company or how long it might take to                 
          recoup those costs.  In short, we find these losses were                    
          operating losses.                                                           
               Nor are we persuaded by Mrs. Smith’s assertion that her                
          business is now profitable.  While Mrs. Smith reported on her               
          Schedules C that she broke even in 2003 and had small profits for           







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