114
Opinion of the Court
Justice Stevens and Justice O'Connor delivered the opinion of the Court with respect to BCRA Titles I and II.*
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), 116 Stat. 81, contains a series of amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA or Act), 86 Stat. 11, as amended, 2 U. S. C. § 431 et seq. (2000 ed. and Supp. II), the Communications Act of 1934, 48 Stat. 1088, as amended, 47 U. S. C. § 315 (2000 ed. and Supp. II), and other portions of the United States Code, 18 U. S. C. § 607 (Supp. II), 36 U. S. C. §§ 510-511 (Supp. II), that are challenged in these cases.1 In this opinion we discuss Titles I and II of BCRA. The opinion of the Court delivered by The Chief Justice, post, p. 224, discusses Titles III and IV, and the opinion of the Court delivered by Justice Breyer, post, p. 233, discusses Title V.
tute et al. by Erik S. Jaffe; for the Center for Responsive Politics by Lawrence M. Noble and Paul Sanford; for the Committee for Economic Development et al. by Steven Alan Reiss, R. Bruce Rich, and Jonathan Bloom; for Common Cause et al. by Donald J. Simon, Daniel B. Kohrman, and Michael Schuster; for Former Leaders of the American Civil Liberties Union by Norman Dorsen and Eric M. Lieberman; for the Interfaith Alliance Foundation et al. by Evan A. Davis; for the League of Women Voters by Daniel R. Ortiz; for Delaware State Representative Michael Castle et al. by Richard Briffault, Charles Tiefer, and Jonathan W. Cuneo; for the Honorable J. Dennis Hastert by J. Randolph Evans and Stefan C. Passantino; for Dr. David Moshman by Kevin H. Theriot; for Norman J. Ornstein et al. by Teresa W. Roseborough and Judith A. O'Brien; for Rodney A. Smith by Clark Bensen; and for the Honorable Fred Thompson by David C. Frederick.
*Justice Souter, Justice Ginsburg, and Justice Breyer join this opinion in its entirety.
1 The parties to the litigation are described in the findings of the District Court. 251 F. Supp. 2d 176, 221-226 (DC 2003) (per curiam). For the sake of clarity, we refer to the parties who challenged the law in the District Court as the "plaintiffs," referring to specific plaintiffs by name where necessary. We refer to the parties who intervened in defense of the law as the "intervenor-defendants."
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