Ex parte OBARA - Page 10




          Appeal No. 1997-1162                                                        
          Application 08/200,455                                                      

               Appellant argues that the Examiner's rationale is                      
          hindsight because nothing in the prior art suggests that                    
          precise alignment results from the use of a stepped shaft                   
          (Br21).  We do not find any teaching in Fruge or the English                
          language abstract of Voll that a stepped shaft allows for                   
          precise alignment.  It would be best if examiners refrained                 
          from making up reasons to combine that are not supported by                 
          the record or are only found in an applicant's disclosure                   
          because this points to hindsight analysis.  In our opinion,                 
          sufficient motivation for one of ordinary skill in the disk                 
          drive art to use a stepped shaft spindle to mount a rotor is                
          found in the express disclosure in Voll and Fruge that a                    
          stepped shaft spindle is one known structure to mount a rotor.              
          That is, it would have been within the level of skill of one                
          of ordinary skill in the art to substitute any known spindle                
          mounting for the spindle mountings in the primary references.               
               In addition, we find that one of ordinary skill in the                 
          art would have had sufficient knowledge to recognize the                    
          advantages of a stepped shaft in Fruge and Voll from the                    
          drawings without any express description.  Fruge does not                   
          describe any advantages, perhaps because they were so well                  

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