Ex parte MANNAVA - Page 4




          Appeal No. 1997-2075                                       Page 4           
          Application No. 08/362,362                                                  


               The test for obviousness is what the combined teachings                
          of the references would have suggested to one of ordinary                   
          skill in the art.  See In re Young, 927 F.2d 588, 591, 18                   
          USPQ2d 1089, 1091 (Fed. Cir. 1991) and In re Keller, 642 F.2d               
          413, 425, 208 USPQ 871, 881 (CCPA 1981).  Moreover, in                      
          evaluating such references it is proper to take into account                
          not only the specific teachings of the references but also the              
          inferences which one skilled in the art would reasonably be                 
          expected to draw therefrom.  In re Preda, 401 F.2d 825, 826,                
          159 USPQ 342, 344 (CCPA 1968).                                              


          Claims 1 to 5                                                               
               In accordance with 37 CFR § 1.192(c)(7), we have selected              
          claim 1 as the representative claim from the appellant's                    
          grouping of claims 1 to 5 to decide the appeal on this                      
          rejection under                                                             
          35 U.S.C. § 103.  See page 7 of the appellant's brief.                      


               With regard to the teachings of Vaccari and Duley, the                 
          examiner found (final rejection, pp. 2-3) that                              









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