Appeal No. 2005-1816 Παγε 4
Application No. 09/727,622
dithiophosphate (ZDDP), is typically used in the lubricating oil at a sufficient
concentration to provide a phosphorus content of 0.12% by weight or higher in order to
pass industry standard tests for antiwear. Recognizing that phosphates may result in
the deactivation of emission control catalysts used in automotive exhaust systems and
that, consequently, a reduction in the amount of phosphorus-containing additives (e.g.,
ZDDP) would be desirable, Manka sought to reduce the amount of phosphorus-
containing additive in the oil and yet still provide the desired antiwear properties. Manka
provides a solution to this problem by providing compositions that can function as either
a partial or complete replacement for ZDDP. See column 1, lines 12-30. In one
embodiment of Manka's invention, such lubricating compositions and functional fluids
have a phosphorus content up to about 0.08% by weight and, in another embodiment,
up to about 0.05% by weight (column 28, penultimate paragraph). Manka does not
specifically mention use of the inventive lubricating compositions and functional fluids
with camless valvetrains but does teach that
[t]he lubricating compositions may be lubricating oils and
greases useful in industrial applications and in automotive
engines, transmissions and axles. These lubricating
compositions are effective in a variety of applications
including crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and
compression-ignited internal combustion engines, including
automobile and truck engines, two-cycle engines, aviation
piston engines, marine and low-load diesel engines, and the
like [column 27, lines 12-20].
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