672 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Part I
gelatin at 1000 for 1 to 2 hours in the presence of soluble in ammonia T.S., is produced on adding
0.1 molar concentration of hydrogen peroxide silver nitrate T.S. to a solution of 10 mg. of
resulted in destruction of the pyrogens; this find- hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide in 10 ml. of
ing has been applied practically in preparing cer- water, acidified with I ml. of diluted nitric acid.
tamn non-pyrogenic solutions. Loss on drying.-Not over 0.5 per cent, when
For bleaching hair, the undiluted official solu- dried at 1050 for 2 hours. Residue on ignition.-
tion is used, but With care. Prolonged contact Not over 0.1 per cent. Nitrogen content.-Not
with skin causes erythema, which is transient, less than 5.9 per cent and not more than 6.2 per
but a concentrated solution, as one of 30 per cent of N, when determined by the Kjeldahl
cent, causes a burn with a white eschar. method. Bromide content.-Not less than 33.6
For external use, hydrogen peroxide solution is per cent and not more than 35.2 per cent of Br,
applied topically as required to skin and mucous when determined by the Volbard method. U.S.P.
membranes. It should be noted that the B.P. Uses.-.The introduction of the p-hydroxyl
solution is approximately twice the strength of group on the aromatic nucleus of amphetamine
the U.S.P. preparation and should be diluted with markedly alters its pharmacodynamic properties
at least an equal volume of water for most uses. (for general discussion see monograph on Sym-.
When taken internally, the usual dose is 4 ml. pathomimetic A mines, in Part II). Thus, bydrox-
(approximately 1 fluidrachin) of the U.S.P. solu- yamphetamine is 2- to 4-fold more active as a
tion. pressor agent, is relatively inactive when admin-
Storage.-Preserve "in tight, light-resistant istered orally, does not have as long a duration
containers, preferably aita temperature not above of action and is devoid of central nervous system
35*." U.S.P. stimulation. By comparison, amphetamine is a
less potent pressor agent, is active when admin-
HYDR XYAMHETA INE YDRO sandred orally, has a prolonged duration of action
BRQOXYMPHET MI HYDR - an is a useful euphoriant (Beyer, Physiol. Rev.,
BROMIP-US.P.1946, 26, 169). Axelrod (Q. Pharmacol., 1954,
Hyd-mioroxyamphetmnolm1drBromide, 110, 315) reported that whereas d-amphetamine
HydrxyamhetainiuBroideis slowly excreted and metabolized at a rate of
H 1about 8 per cent per hour, the overall clearance
N' JBr of hydroxyamphetamine from the blood was at a
HO*\)-H2 HCH rate of 40 per cent per hour. About 30 per cent
Ho CHCHCH3of the intravenously administered drug was ex-
creted as such and an additional 30 per cent was
Paredrine Hydrobromide (Smith, Kline & French Labs.),. lmntdi cnuae om
Hydroxyamphetamine has been employed as
The base of this sympathomimetic agent dif- the hydrobromide for use as a nasal decongestant
fers from amphetamine only in having a hydroxyl and as a mydriatic agent. According to Powell and
group in the para position of the benzene ring. Hyde (I. Kansas Med. Soc., 1938, 39, 525) the
Hydroxyamphetamine may be synthesized from agent is mydriatic, not cycloplegic; thus, there
the oxime of p-methoxyphenyl acetone, or by is no loss of accommodation or alteration of
interaction of p-nitrobenzyl chloride and a salt intraocular tension (see also Gettes, Arch. Oplzth.,
of nitroethane, or by interaction of anisaldehyde 1950, 43, 446). Griffith (U. S. Nov. M. Bull.,
and nitroethane (Hoover and Hass, J. Org. Chem., 1945, 44, 284) found hydroxyamphetamine to
1947, 12, 501). The hydrobromide is obtained be useful in the prevention or treatment of
by neutralization of the base with hydrobromic bradycardia induced by a hyperirritable carotid
acid. sinus. Patients with heart block and Adams-
Description.-"Hydroxyamphetamine Hydro- Stokes syndrome were relieved of syncopal at-
bromide occurs as a white, crystalline powder. tacks by administration of 10 mg. every 3 hours
Its solutions are slightly acid to litmus, having a orally (Green and Bennett, Am. Heart 1., 1945,
pH of about 5. One Gm. of Hydroxyamphetarnine 30, 415). In 45 patients with established attacks
Hydrobromide dissolves in about 1 ml. of water of paroxysmal auricular tachycardia, the attacks
and in about 2.5 ml. of alcohol. It is slightly sol- were terminated in 30 minutes to 20 hours by
uble in. chloroform and almost insoluble in ether, administering 10 mg. of hydroxyamphetamine
Hydroxyamphetamine Hydrobromide melts be- every 1 to 3 hours or 20 mg. every hour for 3
tween 1890 and 192*."~ U.S.P. doses. Ordinarily one is not concerned about seri-
Standards and Tests.-Identification.-(1), ous toxicity of such agents except as arise from
A purple color is produced on adding 0.5 ml. of cardiovascular symptomatology or excessive ef-
ferric chloride T.S. to a solution of 10 mg. of fects such as headache, palpitation, substernal
hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide in 10 ml. of discomfort, sweating, nausea and vomiting.
water. (2) An intense blue color forms on add- Administration.-For external use, 1 or 2
ing 2 mg. of hydroxyamphetamine bydrobromide drops of the 1 per cent solution made isotonic
to a solution of 500 mg. of ammonium molybdate with boric acid is applied to the conjunctival sac
in 10 ml. of sulfuric acid (similar amino com- as a mydriatic. In the nose the 1 per cent solution
pounds such as amphetamine and methamphet- made isotonic with sodium chloride is used as a
amine, which lack a phenolic hydroxyl, do not vasoconstrictor in the form of a spray, drops or
give this reaction). (3) Hydroxyamphetamine on a tampon; 2 to 5 drops are applied 4 or 5 times
base separated from the salt melts between 1270 daily. For irrigation of the paranasal sinuses, a
and 1290. (4) A pale yellow precipitate, slightly 0.25 per cent solution in sterile isotonic solution
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