Appeal 2007-4234
Application 10/929,891
about 2,000,000, wherein the catalyst mixture is typically present at a
concentration of about 0.5% to 5% by weight (Specification at 22:3-
13).
[11] Preferred surface active agents are said to be nonionic
polyethyoxylated compounds having an HLB from about 10 to about
11.5 (Specification at 22-27).
[12] In particular, according to the specification, the HLB number
of the surfactant determines the type of emulsion
produced as well as the stability of the emulsion.
A water-in-oil (W/O) type of emulsion requires
emulsifiers of low H.L.B. number, e.g., about four
(4) [100% water insoluble-non-dispersible in
water)], while an oil-in-water (O/W) type requires
emulsifiers with higher H.L.B. numbers, e.g., nine
to sixteen (9-16). Surfactants with H.L.B.
numbers near thirteen (13) are detergents, and
those of fifteen to sixteen (15-16) are stabilizers.
The surface active agents in the currently
preferred, exemplary product preferably have a
H.L.B. number ranging from about ten to about
eleven and a half (10-11.5) and are considered to
be good re-wetting agents (low contact angle) and
are good emulsifying and dispersing agents for oils
and solids. [Specification at 23:6-15.]
[13] A fluorocarbon alcohol may be added to the surfactant to increase its
effectiveness, i.e., to further lower the surface tension of the
composition of matter (Specification at 23:16 through 24:7).
[14] The butyl cellulosolve and pine oil are said to act as degreasers
(Specification at 24:9-10).
[15] Plasticizers, e.g., phosphate esters, phthalate esters, adipate esters
and/or benzoate esters, optionally, added to the chemical dispersant,
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