J.J. Zand - Page 70

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                              ULTIMATE FINDINGS OF FACT                               

               1.  Petitioner substantially understated his taxable income            
          for the years 1972 through 1977.                                            
               2.  Petitioner substantially overstated his business                   
          expenses, losses, and deductions for the years 1973 through 1981.           
               3.  The underpayments of income taxes which were required to           
          be included in petitioner's Federal income tax returns for the              
          years 1972 through 1976 were due to fraud with intent to evade              
          tax.                                                                        
               4.  The assessment and collection of petitioner's Federal              
          income taxes for 1972 are not barred by the statute of                      
          limitations.                                                                
               5.  Petitioner's omission of substantial amounts of income             
          and overstatement of expenses and deductions for 1977 were due to           
          negligence or intentional disregard of rules and regulations.               
               6.  Petitioner's overstatements of business expenses,                  
          deductions, and losses for the years 1978 through 1981 were due             
          to negligence or intentional disregard of rules and regulations.            
                                       OPINION                                        
               It is no doubt apparent that these cases involve some                  
          measure of factual and legal complexity.  That complexity is                
          reflected in the magnitude of the record and is exacerbated by              
          the contentions and arguments of the parties.  Not surprisingly,            






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