J.J. Zand - Page 213

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          and entertainment in light of the rules and regulations under               
          section 274 demonstrates negligence.                                        
               Several adjustments were made by respondent with respect to            
          depreciation, legal expenses, office expenses, consulting fees              
          and rent expense for the years 1977 through 1980.  Such                     
          adjustments were due to petitioner's failure to verify amounts              
          claimed or to establish that such amounts were ordinary and                 
          necessary business expenses.  He did not maintain records to                
          verify the adjusted bases of automobiles or the business use of             
          the automobiles for which depreciation was claimed.  He claimed             
          deductions for legal expenses incurred by Diesel Power in excess            
          of $40,000 for which no substantiation was presented and for                
          which the business purpose was not shown.  Business expenses were           
          claimed as consulting fees for payments to or on behalf of a                
          stockbroker who had no relationship to petitioner's trade or                
          business and who provided services to others.  A business expense           
          in the amount of $50,000 claimed for a fee to petitioner's                  
          brother was not paid.  Rent expense was deducted for $6,451 paid            
          by petitioner for his daughter's apartment; $2,053 was deducted             
          that could not be identified; and over $13,000 was deducted for             
          his son-in-law and daughter's condominium.  The failure to                  
          maintain adequate records to verify business expenses or to show            
          that claimed amounts were paid is indicative of negligence.                 







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