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          petitioner’s testimony was necessary to resolve the matter in her           
          favor.                                                                      
               In conclusion, although we disagreed with respondent’s                 
          position in Rowe I, we hold that his litigation position that               
          petitioner was not entitled to relief from joint and several                
          liability was substantially justified because the position was              
          reasonable given the facts and circumstances of petitioner’s case           
          and the relevant legal precedents.  Accordingly, we hold that               
          petitioner is not entitled to recover litigation costs.  As a               
          result of our disposition, it is unnecessary to decide whether              
          petitioner meets the net worth requirement and has shown that the           
          amount of costs sought is reasonable.                                       
                                                  An appropriate order will           
                                             be issued denying petitioner’s           
                                             motion for litigation costs.             
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