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(i) appropriate spousal defenses;
(ii) challenges to the appropriateness of
collection actions; and
(iii) offers of collection alternatives,
which may include the posting of a bond, the
substitution of other assets, an installment
agreement, or an offer-in-compromise.
(B) Underlying liability.--The person may
also raise at the hearing challenges to the
existence or amount of the underlying tax
liability for any tax period if the person did not
receive any statutory notice of deficiency for
such tax liability or did not otherwise have an
opportunity to dispute such tax liability.
Pursuant to section 6330(c)(2)(A), a taxpayer may raise at
the section 6330 hearing any relevant issue with regard to the
Commissioner’s collection activities, including spousal defenses,
challenges to the appropriateness of the Commissioner’s intended
collection action, and alternative means of collection. Sego v.
Commissioner, 114 T.C. 604, 609 (2000); Goza v. Commissioner, 114
T.C. 176, 180 (2000).
Pursuant to section 6330(d)(1), within 30 days of the
issuance of the notice of determination, the taxpayer may appeal
that determination to this Court if we have jurisdiction over the
underlying tax liability. Van Es v. Commissioner, 115 T.C. 324,
328 (2000).
II. Standard of Review
The parties dispute the standard of review to be applied in
this case. Although section 6330 does not prescribe the standard
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