Aliens and Nationality - 8 USC Section 1103

01/03/05

Sec. 1103. Powers and duties of the Secretary, the Under Secretary,
and the Attorney General

(a) Secretary of Homeland Security
(1) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall be charged with the
administration and enforcement of this chapter and all other laws
relating to the immigration and naturalization of aliens, except
insofar as this chapter or such laws relate to the powers,
functions, and duties conferred upon the President, Attorney
General, the Secretary of State, the officers of the Department of
State, or diplomatic or consular officers: Provided, however, That
determination and ruling by the Attorney General with respect to
all questions of law shall be controlling.
(2) He shall have control, direction, and supervision of all
employees and of all the files and records of the Service.
(3) He shall establish such regulations; prescribe such forms of
bond, reports, entries, and other papers; issue such instructions;
and perform such other acts as he deems necessary for carrying out
his authority under the provisions of this chapter.
(4) He may require or authorize any employee of the Service or
the Department of Justice to perform or exercise any of the powers,
privileges, or duties conferred or imposed by this chapter or
regulations issued thereunder upon any other employee of the
Service.
(5) He shall have the power and duty to control and guard the
boundaries and borders of the United States against the illegal
entry of aliens and shall, in his discretion, appoint for that
purpose such number of employees of the Service as to him shall
appear necessary and proper.
(6) He is authorized to confer or impose upon any employee of the
United States, with the consent of the head of the Department or
other independent establishment under whose jurisdiction the
employee is serving, any of the powers, privileges, or duties
conferred or imposed by this chapter or regulations issued
thereunder upon officers or employees of the Service.
(7) He may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State,
establish offices of the Service in foreign countries; and, after
consultation with the Secretary of State, he may, whenever in his
judgment such action may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of
this chapter, detail employees of the Service for duty in foreign
countries.
(8) After consultation with the Secretary of State, the Attorney
General may authorize officers of a foreign country to be stationed
at preclearance facilities in the United States for the purpose of
ensuring that persons traveling from or through the United States
to that foreign country comply with that country's immigration and
related laws.
(9) Those officers may exercise such authority and perform such
duties as United States immigration officers are authorized to
exercise and perform in that foreign country under reciprocal
agreement, and they shall enjoy such reasonable privileges and
immunities necessary for the performance of their duties as the
government of their country extends to United States immigration
officers.
(10) In the event the Attorney General determines that an actual
or imminent mass influx of aliens arriving off the coast of the
United States, or near a land border, presents urgent circumstances
requiring an immediate Federal response, the Attorney General may
authorize any State or local law enforcement officer, with the
consent of the head of the department, agency, or establishment
under whose jurisdiction the individual is serving, to perform or
exercise any of the powers, privileges, or duties conferred or
imposed by this chapter or regulations issued thereunder upon
officers or employees of the Service.
(11) The Attorney General, in support of persons in
administrative detention in non-Federal institutions, is authorized
-
(A) to make payments from funds appropriated for the
administration and enforcement of the laws relating to
immigration, naturalization, and alien registration for necessary
clothing, medical care, necessary guard hire, and the housing,
care, and security of persons detained by the Service pursuant to
Federal law under an agreement with a State or political
subdivision of a State; and
(B) to enter into a cooperative agreement with any State,
territory, or political subdivision thereof, for the necessary
construction, physical renovation, acquisition of equipment,
supplies or materials required to establish acceptable conditions
of confinement and detention services in any State or unit of
local government which agrees to provide guaranteed bed space for
persons detained by the Service.
(b) Land acquisition authority
(1) The Attorney General may contract for or buy any interest in
land, including temporary use rights, adjacent to or in the
vicinity of an international land border when the Attorney General
deems the land essential to control and guard the boundaries and
borders of the United States against any violation of this chapter.
(2) The Attorney General may contract for or buy any interest in
land identified pursuant to paragraph (1) as soon as the lawful
owner of that interest fixes a price for it and the Attorney
General considers that price to be reasonable.
(3) When the Attorney General and the lawful owner of an interest
identified pursuant to paragraph (1) are unable to agree upon a
reasonable price, the Attorney General may commence condemnation
proceedings pursuant to section 3113 of title 40.
(4) The Attorney General may accept for the United States a gift
of any interest in land identified pursuant to paragraph (1).
(c) Commissioner; appointment
The Commissioner shall be a citizen of the United States and
shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate. He shall be charged with any and all
responsibilities and authority in the administration of the Service
and of this chapter which are conferred upon the Attorney General
as may be delegated to him by the Attorney General or which may be
prescribed by the Attorney General. The Commissioner may enter into
cooperative agreements with State and local law enforcement
agencies for the purpose of assisting in the enforcement of the
immigration laws.
(d) Statistical information system
(1) The Commissioner, in consultation with interested
academicians, government agencies, and other parties, shall provide
for a system for collection and dissemination, to Congress and the
public, of information (not in individually identifiable form)
useful in evaluating the social, economic, environmental, and
demographic impact of immigration laws.
(2) Such information shall include information on the alien
population in the United States, on the rates of naturalization and
emigration of resident aliens, on aliens who have been admitted,
paroled, or granted asylum, on nonimmigrants in the United States
(by occupation, basis for admission, and duration of stay), on
aliens who have not been admitted or have been removed from the
United States, on the number of applications filed and granted for
cancellation of removal, and on the number of aliens estimated to
be present unlawfully in the United States in each fiscal year.
(3) Such system shall provide for the collection and
dissemination of such information not less often than annually.
(e) Annual report
(1) The Commissioner shall submit to Congress annually a report
which contains a summary of the information collected under
subsection (d) of this section and an analysis of trends in
immigration and naturalization.
(2) Each annual report shall include information on the number,
and rate of denial administratively, of applications for
naturalization, for each district office of the Service and by
national origin group.
(f) Minimum number of agents in States
The Attorney General shall allocate to each State not fewer than
10 full-time active duty agents of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service to carry out the functions of the Service,
in order to ensure the effective enforcement of this chapter.
(g) Attorney General
(1) In general
The Attorney General shall have such authorities and functions
under this chapter and all other laws relating to the immigration
and naturalization of aliens as were exercised by the Executive
Office for Immigration Review, or by the Attorney General with
respect to the Executive Office for Immigration Review, on the
day before the effective date of the Immigration Reform,
Accountability and Security Enhancement Act of 2002.
(2) Powers
The Attorney General shall establish such regulations,
prescribe such forms of bond, reports, entries, and other papers,
issue such instructions, review such administrative
determinations in immigration proceedings, delegate such
authority, and perform such other acts as the Attorney General
determines to be necessary for carrying out this section.
(h) Office of Special Investigations
(1) The Attorney General shall establish within the Criminal
Division of the Department of Justice an Office of Special
Investigations with the authority to detect and investigate, and,
where appropriate, to take legal action to denaturalize any alien
described in section 1182(a)(3)(E) of this title.
(2) The Attorney General shall consult with the Secretary of
Homeland Security in making determinations concerning the criminal
prosecution or extradition of aliens described in section
1182(a)(3)(E) of this title.
(3) In determining the appropriate legal action to take against
an alien described in section 1182(a)(3)(E) of this title,
consideration shall be given to -
(A) the availability of criminal prosecution under the laws of
the United States for any conduct that may form the basis for
removal and denaturalization; or
(B) the availability of extradition of the alien to a foreign
jurisdiction that is prepared to undertake a prosecution for such
conduct.

AMENDMENTS
2004 - Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108-458 added subsec. (h).
2003 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108-7, Sec. 105(a)(1), amended Pub.
L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(2). See 2002 Amendment notes below.
Pub. L. 108-7, Sec. 105(a)(2), which directed the amendment of
Pub. L. 107-296, was executed to section 1102(2) of Pub. L.
107-296, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2002
Amendment notes below.
2002 - Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(1), amended section catchline
generally.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(2)(A), as added by Pub.
L. 108-7, Sec. 105(a)(1), which directed the substitution of
"Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Attorney General" in heading,
was executed by inserting "Secretary of Homeland Security" as
heading, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(2)(B), as added by
Pub. L. 108-7, Sec. 105(a)(1), substituted "The Secretary of
Homeland Security" for "The Attorney General".
Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(2)(C), formerly Sec. 1102(2)(A), as
redesignated by Pub. L. 108-7, Sec. 105(a)(2), inserted "Attorney
General," after "President,". See 2003 Amendment note above.
Subsec. (a)(8) to (11). Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(2)(D),
formerly Sec. 1102(2)(B), as redesignated by Pub. L. 108-7, Sec.
105(a)(2), redesignated par. (8), relating to Attorney General
authorization of State and local law enforcement officers in event
of mass influx of aliens arriving, and par. (9), relating to
Attorney General authority to support administrative detention of
persons in non-Federal institutions, as pars. (10) and (11),
respectively. See 2003 Amendment note above.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 1102(3), added subsec. (g).
1996 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 372(1), (2), inserted
"(1)" before first sentence and designated each sentence after the
first sentence, which included second through ninth sentences, as a
separate par. with appropriate consecutive numbering and initial
indentation.
Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 125, inserted at end "After consultation
with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General may authorize
officers of a foreign country to be stationed at preclearance
facilities in the United States for the purpose of ensuring that
persons traveling from or through the United States to that foreign
country comply with that country's immigration and related laws.
Those officers may exercise such authority and perform such duties
as United States immigration officers are authorized to exercise
and perform in that foreign country under reciprocal agreement, and
they shall enjoy such reasonable privileges and immunities
necessary for the performance of their duties as the government of
their country extends to United States immigration officers."
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 372(3), added at end par.
(8) relating to Attorney General authorization of State and local
law enforcement officers in event of mass influx of aliens
arriving.
Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 373(1), added at end par.
(9) relating to Attorney General authority to support
administrative detention of persons in non-Federal institutions.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 102(d)(1)(B), added subsec.
(b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 373(2), inserted at end "The
Commissioner may enter into cooperative agreements with State and
local law enforcement agencies for the purpose of assisting in the
enforcement of the immigration laws."
Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 102(d)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. (b) as
(c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 102(d)(1)(A), redesignated
subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(e)(4), which directed
amendment of subsec. (c)(2) by substituting "cancellation of
removal" for "suspension of deportation", was executed by making
the substitution in subsec. (d)(2) to reflect the probable intent
of Congress and the redesignation of subsec. (c) as (d) by Pub. L.
104-208, Sec. 102(d)(1)(A). See above.
Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 308(d)(4)(C), which directed amendment of
subsec. (c)(2) by substituting "not been admitted or have been
removed" for "been excluded or deported", was executed by making
the substitution in subsec. (d)(2) to reflect the probable intent
of Congress and the redesignation of subsec. (c) as (d) by Pub. L.
104-208, Sec. 102(d)(1)(A). See above.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 102(d)(2), substituted
"subsection (d)" for "subsection (c)" in par. (1).
Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 102(d)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. (d) as
(e).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104-208, Sec. 134(a), added subsec. (f).
1990 - Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 101-649 added subsecs. (c) and
(d).
1988 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100-525, Sec. 9(c)(1), substituted
"instructions" for "intructions" and amended fourth sentence
generally. Prior to amendment, fourth sentence read as follows: "He
is authorized, in accordance with the civil-service laws and
regulations and the Classification Act of 1949, to appoint such
employees of the Service as he deems necessary, and to delegate to
them or to any officer or employee of the Department of Justice in
his discretion any of the duties and powers imposed upon him in
this chapter; he may require or authorize any employee of the
Service or the Department of Justice to perform or exercise any of
the powers, privileges, or duties conferred or imposed by this
chapter or regulations issued thereunder upon any other employee of
the Service."
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100-525, Sec. 9(c)(2), struck out provision
that Commissioner was to receive compensation at rate of $17,500
per annum.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 107-296 effective on the date of the
transfer of functions from the Commissioner of Immigration and
Naturalization to officials of the Department of Homeland Security
(Mar. 1, 2003), see section 1104 of Pub. L. 107-296, as added by
Pub. L. 108-7, set out as an Effective Date note under section 521
of Title 6, Domestic Security.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
Section 134(b) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that: "The
amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take
effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept.
30, 1996]."
Amendment by section 308(d)(4)(C), (e)(4) of Pub. L. 104-208
effective, with certain transitional provisions, on the first day
of the first month beginning more than 180 days after Sept. 30,
1996, see section 309 of Pub. L. 104-208, set out as a note under
section 1101 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 101-649 effective Oct. 1, 1991, and
applicable beginning with fiscal year 1992, see section 161(a) of
Pub. L. 101-649, set out as a note under section 1101 of this
title.

FINGERPRINT CARDS
Pub. L. 105-119, title I, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2448, provided
in part: "That beginning seven calendar days after the enactment of
this Act [Nov. 26, 1997] and for each fiscal year thereafter, none
of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the
Immigration and Naturalization Service may be used by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service to accept, for the purpose
of conducting criminal background checks on applications for any
benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et
seq.], any FD-258 fingerprint card which has been prepared by or
received from any individual or entity other than an office of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service with the following
exceptions: (1) State and local law enforcement agencies; and (2)
United States consular offices at United States embassies and
consulates abroad under the jurisdiction of the Department of State
or United States military offices under the jurisdiction of the
Department of Defense authorized to perform fingerprinting services
to prepare FD-258 fingerprint cards for applicants residing abroad
applying for immigration benefits".
IMPROVEMENT OF BARRIERS AT BORDER
Section 102(a)-(c) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that:
"(a) In General. - The Attorney General, in consultation with the
Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, shall take such
actions as may be necessary to install additional physical barriers
and roads (including the removal of obstacles to detection of
illegal entrants) in the vicinity of the United States border to
deter illegal crossings in areas of high illegal entry into the
United States.
"(b) Construction of Fencing and Road Improvements in the Border
Area Near San Diego, California. -
"(1) In general. - In carrying out subsection (a), the Attorney
General shall provide for the construction along the 14 miles of
the international land border of the United States, starting at
the Pacific Ocean and extending eastward, of second and third
fences, in addition to the existing reinforced fence, and for
roads between the fences.
"(2) Prompt acquisition of necessary easements. - The Attorney
General, acting under the authority conferred in section 103(b)
of the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1103(b)] (as
inserted by subsection (d)), shall promptly acquire such
easements as may be necessary to carry out this subsection and
shall commence construction of fences immediately following such
acquisition (or conclusion of portions thereof).
"(3) Safety features. - The Attorney General, while
constructing the additional fencing under this subsection, shall
incorporate such safety features into the design of the fence
system as are necessary to ensure the well-being of border patrol
agents deployed within or in near proximity to the system.
"(4) Authorization of appropriations. - There are authorized to
be appropriated to carry out this subsection not to exceed
$12,000,000. Amounts appropriated under this paragraph are
authorized to remain available until expended.
"(c) Waiver. - The provisions of the Endangered Species Act of
1973 [16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.] and the National Environmental Policy
Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.] are waived to the extent the
Attorney General determines necessary to ensure expeditious
construction of the barriers and roads under this section [amending
this section]."
IMPROVED BORDER EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Section 103 of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that: "The
Attorney General is authorized to acquire and use, for the purpose
of detection, interdiction, and reduction of illegal immigration
into the United States, any Federal equipment (including fixed wing
aircraft, helicopters, four-wheel drive vehicles, sedans, night
vision goggles, night vision scopes, and sensor units) determined
available for transfer by any other agency of the Federal
Government upon request of the Attorney General."
HIRING AND TRAINING STANDARDS
Section 106(a), (b) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that:
"(a) Review of Hiring Standards. - Not later than 60 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996], the
Attorney General shall complete a review of all prescreening and
hiring standards used by the Commissioner of Immigration and
Naturalization, and, where necessary, revise such standards to
ensure that they are consistent with relevant standards of
professionalism.
"(b) Certification. - At the conclusion of each of fiscal years
1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, the Attorney General shall
certify in writing to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House
of Representatives and of the Senate that all personnel hired by
the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization for such fiscal
year were hired pursuant to the appropriate standards, as revised
under subsection (a)."
REPORT ON BORDER STRATEGY
Section 107 of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that:
"(a) Evaluation of Strategy. - The Comptroller General of the
United States shall track, monitor, and evaluate the Attorney
General's strategy to deter illegal entry in the United States to
determine the efficacy of such strategy.
"(b) Cooperation. - The Attorney General, the Secretary of State,
and the Secretary of Defense shall cooperate with the Comptroller
General of the United States in carrying out subsection (a).
"(c) Report. - Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996], and every year thereafter
for the succeeding 5 years, the Comptroller General of the United
States shall submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives and of the Senate on the results of
the activities undertaken under subsection (a) during the previous
year. Each such report shall include an analysis of the degree to
which the Attorney General's strategy has been effective in
reducing illegal entry. Each such report shall include a collection
and systematic analysis of data, including workload indicators,
related to activities to deter illegal entry and recommendations to
improve and increase border security at the border and ports of
entry."
COMPENSATION FOR IMMIGRATION JUDGES
Section 371(c) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that:
"(1) In general. - There shall be four levels of pay for
immigration judges, under the Immigration Judge Schedule
(designated as IJ-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), and each such
judge shall be paid at one of those levels, in accordance with the
provisions of this subsection.
"(2) Rates of pay. -
"(A) The rates of basic pay for the levels established under
paragraph (1) shall be as follows:
IJ-1 70% of the next to highest rate of basic pay for
the Senior Executive Service
IJ-2 80% of the next to highest rate of basic pay for
the Senior Executive Service
IJ-3 90% of the next to highest rate of basic pay for
the Senior Executive Service
IJ-4 92% of the next to highest rate of basic pay for
the Senior Executive Service.
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"(B) Locality pay, where applicable, shall be calculated into
the basic pay for immigration judges.
"(3) Appointment. -
"(A) Upon appointment, an immigration judge shall be paid at
IJ-1, and shall be advanced to IJ-2 upon completion of 104 weeks
of service, to IJ-3 upon completion of 104 weeks of service in
the next lower rate, and to IJ-4 upon completion of 52 weeks of
service in the next lower rate.
"(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Attorney General may
provide for appointment of an immigration judge at an advanced
rate under such circumstances as the Attorney General may
determine appropriate.
"(4) Transition. - Immigration judges serving as of the effective
date shall be paid at the rate that corresponds to the amount of
time, as provided under paragraph (3)(A), that they have served as
an immigration judge, and in no case shall be paid less after the
effective date than the rate of pay prior to the effective date."
[Section 371(d)(2) of div. C of Pub. L. 104-208 provided that:
"Subsection (c) [set out above] shall take effect 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996]."]
MACHINE-READABLE DOCUMENT BORDER SECURITY PROGRAM
Pub. L. 100-690, title IV, Sec. 4604, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat.
4289, which required Department of State, United States Customs
Service, and Immigration and Naturalization Service to develop a
comprehensive machine-readable travel and identity document border
security program that would improve border entry and departure
control through automated data capture of machine-readable travel
and identity documents, directed specified agencies and
organizations to contribute law enforcement data for the system,
authorized appropriations for the program, and required continuing
full implementation in fiscal years 1990, 1991, and 1992, by all
participating agencies, was repealed by Pub. L. 102-583, Sec.
6(e)(1), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4933.
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE PERSONNEL ENHANCEMENT
Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7350, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat.
4473, provided that:
"(a) Pilot Program Regarding the Identification of Certain
Aliens. -
"(1) Within 6 months after the effective date of this subtitle
[Nov. 18, 1988], the Attorney General shall establish, out of
funds appropriated pursuant to subsection (c)(2), a pilot program
in 4 cities to improve the capabilities of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service (hereinafter in this section referred to
as the 'Service') to respond to inquiries from Federal, State,
and local law enforcement authorities concerning aliens who have
been arrested for or convicted of, or who are the subject of any
criminal investigation relating to, a violation of any law
relating to controlled substances (other than an aggravated
felony as defined in section 101(a)(43) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)], as added by section 7342
of this subtitle).
"(2) At the end of the 12-month period after the establishment
of such pilot program, the Attorney General shall provide for an
evaluation of its effectiveness, including an assessment by
Federal, State, and local prosecutors and law enforcement
agencies. The Attorney General shall submit a report containing
the conclusions of such evaluation to the Committees on the
Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate
within 60 days after the completion of such evaluation.
"(b) Hiring of Investigative Agents. -
"(1) Any investigative agent hired by the Attorney General for
purposes of this section shall be employed exclusively to assist
Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies in combating
drug trafficking and crimes of violence by aliens.
"(2) Any investigative agent hired under this section who is
older than 35 years of age shall not be eligible for Federal
retirement benefits made available to individuals who perform
hazardous law enforcement activities."
PILOT PROGRAM TO ESTABLISH OR IMPROVE COMPUTER CAPABILITIES
Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1751(e), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat.
3207-48, provided that:
"(1) From the sums appropriated to carry out this Act, the
Attorney General, through the Investigative Division of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service, shall provide a pilot
program in 4 cities to establish or improve the computer
capabilities of the local offices of the Service and of local law
enforcement agencies to respond to inquiries concerning aliens who
have been arrested or convicted for, or are the subject to criminal
investigation relating to, a violation of any law relating to
controlled substances. The Attorney General shall select cities in
a manner that provides special consideration for cities located
near the land borders of the United States and for large cities
which have major concentrations of aliens. Some of the sums made
available under the pilot program shall be used to increase the
personnel level of the Investigative Division.
"(2) At the end of the first year of the pilot program, the
Attorney General shall provide for an evaluation of the
effectiveness of the program and shall report to Congress on such
evaluation and on whether the pilot program should be extended or
expanded."
EMERGENCY PLANS FOR REGULATION OF NATIONALS OF ENEMY COUNTRIES
Attorney General to develop national security emergency plans for
regulation of immigration, regulation of nationals of enemy
countries, and plans to implement laws for control of persons
entering or leaving the United States, see section 1101(4) of Ex.
Ord. No. 12656, Nov. 18, 1988, 53 F.R. 47491, set out as a note
under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Last modified: June 14, 2006