Ex Parte WATANABE et al - Page 7




          Appeal No. 2002-2274                                                        
          Application No. 08/387,158                                                  

          Janakirama-Rao, 317 F.2d 951, 954, 137 USPQ 893, 896 (CCPA 1963).           
          The appellants’ specification indicates that the basic and novel            
          characteristic of the claimed reinforced concrete structure is              
          that it comprises a sacrificial anode containing an alloy which             
          enables the sacrificial anode to have a sufficiently low                    
          potential and to cause generation of a sufficiently large amount            
          of electricity (specification, page 2, lines 15-19).  Linder’s              
          exemplified alloy has a potential, relative to a saturated                  
          calomel electrode, of -1,090 to -1,118 mV, and an efficiency,               
          measured at 82%, corresponding to 2,440 AH/kg (col. 2, lines 40-            
          44).  The corresponding values for the appellants’ alloy are,               
          respectively, as low as -1,000 mV or less, and as large as                  
          1,500 AH/kg or more (specification, page 12, lines 1-3).  The               
          similarity of Linder’s potential and efficiency to those of the             
          appellants indicates that Linder’s manganese would not materially           
          affect the basic and novel characteristics of the appellants’               
          claimed invention.  Accordingly, we conclude that the reinforced            
          concrete structure claimed in the appellants’ claim 39 would have           
          been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art over Linder and            
          the prior art applied therewith.                                            
                           Claims 46-48, 52, 55, 58 and 61                            
               The independent claims from which claims 46-48, 52, 55, 58             

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