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          brother.  Petitioner paid I.J. Zand $100,000 in 1978 and deducted           
          that amount on his 1978 Federal income tax return.  Respondent              
          has conceded that this payment was deductible in 1978.  CTC's               
          1979 disbursement journal lists an account payable to I.J. Zand             
          on June 15, 1979, in the amount of $50,000.  However, neither               
          petitioner's books nor other evidence show when this account                
          payable to I.J. Zand was paid, if at all.  Petitioner deducted              
          the $50,000 on his 1979 income tax return.  Therefore, the                  
          consulting fee in the amount of $50,000 to I.J. Zand is not                 
          deductible by petitioner in 1979 because he has not shown that              
          the amount was paid.                                                        
                      F.  Claimed Deductions for Management Fees                      
               Caspian Development Company (CDC) was incorporated on                  
          September 17, 1976, and 100 shares of stock were issued.                    
          Petitioner held 51 voting shares, Mr. Khalatbari held 24 voting             
          shares, Diana Khalatbari held 24 nonvoting shares, and Priscilla            
          Meier held 1 nonvoting share.  The officers of CDC were                     
          petitioner, president; Joe Dinunzio (petitioner's son-in-law),              
          vice president; Clem Meier, vice president; and Priscilla Meier,            
          secretary.                                                                  
               CDC was described as a payroll company.  CDC had a number of           
          subsidiaries during the years at issue, including Caspian                   
          Electric Company, Caspian Farms Systems, Caspian Machinery, and             
          Charleston, Inc.  In addition, CDC owned Madison County Farm.               
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