Gerald D. and Catherine Leibowitz - Page 13

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          markets that developed prior to movie memorabilia and which share           
          the same basic structures.                                                  
               By 1985, the movie memorabilia markets had matured.  Movie             
          memorabilia were available in retail stores and through mail                
          order catalogs.  Conventions were held periodically in different            
          parts of the country.  Particularly well-known and highly sought-           
          after posters were sold at auctions sponsored by prominent                  
          auction houses.  Hitherto undiscovered treasure troves of movie             
          memorabilia were being uncovered in flea markets, old theaters,             
          and the like.  Price guides had been available to collectors for            
          several years.  The price guides generally focused on the retail            
          market rather than wholesale market.3  By 1985, just like similar           
          guides for the comic book, coin, and stamp markets, movie                   
          memorabilia price guides had become the single most important               
          source of market information for both collectors and dealers.               
          These guides set the de facto standards for retail prices, with             
          wholesale prices tending to be 30 to 70 percent less.  Collectors           
          and dealers also traded memorabilia, using “trade values” pegged            
          to prevailing retail values.                                                
               In 1985, retail stores were generally the highest priced               
          source, although auction prices for particularly desirable                  
          material, such as posters for “Casablanca”, could be much higher.           



               3 See infra note 8 for a listing of 1985 price guides                  
          submitted into evidence.                                                    




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