- 28 - Although perhaps less likely, Mr. Wilhoite may believe that, as a matter of proper application of a present value analysis, Dr. Bajaj was required to tax affect G&J’s expected distributions on account of the expected tax burden to be borne by its shareholders. Dr. Bajaj assumed that G&J would continue to distribute all of its earnings annually. He made no explicit adjustment for any shareholder level taxes, although, undoubtedly, he knew such taxes would be due. Dr. Bajaj did not, however, ignore shareholder level taxes. He simply disregarded them both in projecting G&J’s available cash and in determining the appropriate discount rate. The present value of any future (deferred) cash-flow is a function of three variables: (1) the amount of the cash-flow, (2) the discount rate, and (3) the period of deferral.11 The discount rate reflects the return, over time, to the investor on the amount invested (commonly expressed as a rate of interest). If, in determining the present value of any future payment, the discount rate is assumed to be an after-shareholder-tax rate of return, then the cash-flow should be reduced (“tax affected”) to an after-shareholder-tax amount. If, on the other hand, a preshareholder-tax discount rate is applied, no adjustment for taxes should be made to the 11 PV = C/(1+r)n, where PV equals the present value, r equals the discount rate, C equals the cash-flow, and n equals the number of periods of deferral.Page: Previous 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Next
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