Investment Research Associates - Page 419




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          transaction if the value of its rights to the equipment at the               
          end of the leaseback or leasehold right of the leasing company               
          (96 or 108 months) had a value in excess of IRA's financial                  
          investment, e.g., cash, short-term notes and long-term notes.                
               No individuals other than Mallin provided any substantive               
          information regarding the equipment leasing transactions entered             
          into by IRA throughout the years 1976 through 1986.  Mallin                  
          determined that IRA, as an investor, could make a profit on the              
          leasing transactions if the residual value of the equipment, on a            
          date 96 or 108 months after the purchase thereof, was in excess              
          of the cash originally invested by IRA.                                      
               Kanter had only general discussions with Mallin as to                   
          whether to go into a particular deal.  He did not discuss in                 
          detail the economics of the equipment leasing transactions before            
          the transactions were consummated.  He did not get involved in               
          detailed discussions regarding the residual value or economic                
          prospects of the equipment leasing transactions of IRA and                   
          Cedilla Invest.  Kanter never determined whether any computer                
          leasing transactions of IRA resulted in or could result in a                 
          profit.                                                                      
               IRA did not obtain appraisals as to the values of equipment             
          to be purchased for any of the equipment leasing deals at issue.             
          There were no tax spreadsheets, forecasts, projections,                      
          accounting letters, or appraisals presented by IRA to support its            






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