Investment Research Associates - Page 415




                                       - 468 -                                         
               Mallin negotiated, promoted, and brokered computer leasing              
          transactions during the years at issue.  His duties in                       
          negotiating, promoting, and brokering leasing transactions did               
          not include making specific determinations of the values of the              
          underlying equipment but were limited to personal beliefs of                 
          general values for the purpose of his desire to "comfortably                 
          represent" transactions.  These personal beliefs were based                  
          primarily on his review of some industry publications.                       
               Mallin was not an expert on the value of computer equipment,            
          and did not testify as such at the trial of these cases.  In                 
          general, Mallin used and relied upon third party appraisals which            
          indicated that computer equipment would have no residual value               
          after 96 months.  He did not make any specific valuations of the             
          underlying equipment represented in any deals he negotiated,                 
          promoted, and brokered.  Mallin's commission for brokering an                
          equipment leasing transaction principally depended on the amount             
          of cash (including short-term notes) that was involved in the                
          transaction.  The selling price in a sale/leaseback transaction              
          was set by Mallin as a broker, and generally included the sale               
          price of the equipment, plus 3 percent, which represented                    
          commissions earned by him on the transaction.  With respect to               
          the computer equipment leasing deals Mallin brokered on behalf of            
          IRA, inflation played no factor in the economic analysis as to               
          whether or not a profit could be made.                                       






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