- 114 -                                        
               Tax-motivated transactions include "any sham or fraudulent             
          transaction."  Sec. 6621(c)(3)(A)(v).63  We have held that with             
          respect to the restructuring of the excess value activity,                  
          petitioner engaged in sham transactions lacking in economic                 
          substance.  On the basis of the findings set forth herein, and              
          the fact that the underpayment of tax will exceed $1,000 in 1984,           
          section 6621(c) is applicable to the underpayment attributable to           
          those transactions that we have found to be shams.  See Price v.            
          Commissioner, 88 T.C. 860, 888-889 (1987).                                  
                                                  Decision will be entered            
                                             under Rule 155.                          
               63See supra note 62.                                                   
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