- 65 -                                         
          majority’s extension of Ewing to section 6330 cases is both                 
          unwarranted and uncritical.                                                 
                    2.  Additional Criticism of the Majority’s Scope                  
                    of Review Analysis                                                
               In our dissenting opinion in Ewing v. Commissioner, 122 T.C.           
          at 56-67 (Halpern and Holmes, JJ., dissenting), we discussed at             
          some length our view that, in the context of our “review”                   
          jurisdiction, see id. at 56 n.1 and accompanying text, the                  
          appropriate evidentiary scope of review is the administrative               
          record.  See, e.g., Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142 (1973) (in             
          reviewing agency action for abuse of discretion, “the focal point           
          for judicial review should be the administrative record already             
          in existence, not some new record made initially in the reviewing           
          court”); United States v. Carlo Bianchi & Co., 373 U.S. 709, 715            
          (1963) (the terms “arbitrary” and “capricious” “have frequently             
          been used by Congress and have consistently been associated with            
          a review limited to the administrative record”).  While we see no           
          need to repeat here our entire analysis in support of that view,4           
               4  We do note that, in our Ewing dissent, we addressed much            
          of the authority relied on by the majority here in its scope of             
          review analysis.  See, e.g., Ewing v. Commissioner, supra at 60-            
          61 (Halpern and Holmes, JJ., dissenting) (criticizing O’Dwyer v.            
          Commissioner, 266 F.2d 575 (4th Cir. 1959), affg. 28 T.C. 698               
          (1957)); id. at 60 n.7 (explaining the context of Nappi v.                  
          Commissioner, 58 T.C. 282 (1972)); id. at 61 n.9 (explaining the            
          context of Bowen v. Massachusetts, 487 U.S. 879, 903 (1988), and            
          Beall v. United States, 336 F.3d 419 (5th Cir. 2003)); id. at 64            
          n.11 (discussing APA sec. 559); id. at 65-66 (distinguishing Thor           
          Power Tool v. Commissioner, 439 U.S. 522 (1979), Bausch & Lomb,             
                                                             (continued...)           
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