Ex parte ITO et al. - Page 7




          Appeal No. 97-1156                                                          
          Application 08/192,270                                                      



               With respect to “metallurgical joining means”, it is                   
          clear to us that this recitation denotes a joining structure                
          effected by metallurgical (chemical) interaction between the                
          claimed intermediate member and ceramic member.  The                        
          specification informs us (page 3) that this joining structure               
          can be effected by brazing, diffusion joining or welding,                   
          joining by the use of oxide, friction welding, hot pressing,                
          and hot isostatic pressing.                                                 

               As to the “mechanical joining means”, we understand this               
          recitation as denoting a joining structure effected by                      
          mechanical interaction between the claimed intermediate member              
          and the metallic member.  The specification (page 3) instructs              
          us that this joining structure can be effected by press                     
          fitting, shrink fitting and fastening with bolts or screws.                 






               In light of the above claim analysis, we understand the                
          content of each of independent claims 30, 31 (with clauses (D)              

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