Ex parte KULAKOWSKI et al. - Page 6




          Appeal No. 1999-0162                                                        
          Application No. 08/414,248                                                  


          to                                                                          
          modify the prior art or to combine prior art references to                  
          arrive                                                                      
          at the claimed invention.  Such reason must stem from some                  
          teaching, suggestion, or implication in the prior art as a                  
          whole                                                                       
          or knowledge generally available to one having ordinary skill               
          in                                                                          
          the art.  Uniroyal, Inc. v. Rudkin-Wiley Corp., 837 F.2d 1044,              
          1051, 5 USPQ2d 1434, 1438 (Fed. Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S.               
          825                                                                         
          (1988); Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Delta Resins & Refractories,                   
          Inc.,                                                                       
          776 F.2d 281, 293, 227 USPQ 657, 664 (Fed. Cir. 1985), cert.                
          denied, 475 U.S. 1017 (1986); ACS Hosp. Sys., Inc. v.                       
          Montefiore Hosp., 732 F.2d 1572, 1577, 221 USPQ 929, 933 (Fed.              
          Cir. 1984).  These showings by the Examiner are an essential                
          part of complying with the burden of presenting a prima facie               
          case of obviousness.  Note In re Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445,              
          24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1992).                                      
               With respect to claims 26-41 and 44, the Examiner, as the              
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