Estate of Alice Friedlander Kaufman - Page 31




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          483, 492 (1919); see also Zahn v. Transamerica Corp., 162 F.2d              
          36, 42 (3d Cir. 1947) (discusses fiduciary duty generally owed by           
          those in control of a corporation); Warren v. Century                       
          Bankcorporation, Inc., 741 P.2d 846, 849 (Okla. 1987), and the              
          cases cited therein (Oklahoma recognizes the applicability of               
          Pepper v. Litton, supra, in its jurisdiction).  Litigation, and             
          the vast expense thereof, may ensue whenever disgruntled minority           
          shareholders believe that they have been wronged by a group of              
          shareholders or officers who purportedly control the corporation.           
          In contrast to years past, minority shareholder complainants                
          today are real, omnipresent, and numerous.  As recognized by                
          Professors O'Neal and Thompson in their treatise on minority                
          shareholder litigation:                                                     
                    Most American lawyers do not realize the                          
               tremendous amount of litigation in this country arising                
               out of shareholder disputes.  Since the publication of                 
               the first edition of this treatise, the volume of                      
               litigation grounded on minority shareholder                            
               oppression--actual, fancied, or fabricated--has grown                  
               enormously, and the flood of litigation shows no sign                  
               of abating.  The increase in litigation has been                       
               pronounced in both federal and state courts * * *.                     
               Also worthy of note is that in the last four or five                   
               years there has been a substantial increase in the                     
               number of suits minority shareholders have brought for                 
               involuntary dissolution of their corporation or to                     
               force majority shareholders to purchase their shares.                  
               [1 O'Neal et al., O'Neal's Oppression of Minority                      
               Shareholders v (2d ed. 1997).13]                                       


               13 Were the family forced to buy the estate's shares at the            
          appraised price calculated under applicable State (Oklahoma) law,           
          the family would have to pay the price that was determined by               
          weighing the values derived under the three valuation methods               
          mentioned above.  See Foglesong v. Thurston Natl. Life Ins. Co.,            
          555 P.2d 606, 610-611 (Okla. 1976).  Oklahoma law prohibits                 
                                                             (continued...)           


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