Garber Industries Holding Co., Inc. - Page 5

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                                       OPINION                                        
          I.  Substantive Law                                                         
               A.  Overview of Section 382                                            
               Section 382(a) limits the amount of “pre-change losses” that           
          a corporation (referred to as a loss corporation) may use to                
          offset taxable income in the taxable years or periods following             
          an ownership change.3  “Pre-change losses” include NOL carryovers           
          to the taxable year in which the ownership change occurs and any            
          NOL incurred during that taxable year to the extent such NOL is             
          allocable to the portion of the year ending on the date of the              
          ownership change.4  Sec. 382(d)(1).  An ownership change is                 
          deemed to have occurred if, on a required measurement date (a               
          testing date), the aggregate percentage ownership interest of one           
          or more 5-percent shareholders of the loss corporation is more              
          than 50 percentage points greater than the lowest percentage                
          ownership interest of such shareholder(s) during the (generally)            
          3-year period immediately preceding such testing date (the                  
          testing period).  Sec. 382(g)(1) and (2), (i); sec. 1.382-                  
          2(a)(4), Income Tax Regs.                                                   



               3  Sec. 382(b) prescribes a formula for calculating the                
          amount of the sec. 382 limitation.  See also sec. 382(e) and (f).           
               4  A net operating loss, as defined in sec. 172(c), is an              
          NOL carryover to the extent it is carried forward to years                  
          following the year of the loss under rules set forth in sec.                
          172(b).                                                                     





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