Martin Ice Cream Company - Page 56

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            1990).  However, petitioner did have some intangibles in the form of                        
            customer lists and pricing lists.  Petitioner transferred those                             
            business records pertaining to the supermarket distribution business                        
            to SIC in the initial tax-free exchange for SIC stock.  Petitioner                          
            retained other proprietary information pertaining to the independent                        
            grocery store business that Martin continued to conduct in the years                        
            subsequent to the transactions at issue.                                                    
                  Mr. Bergwerk determined that petitioner had no dividend-paying                        
            capacity, using the methodology that this Court used in Bardahl                             
            Manufacturing Corp. v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1965-200, to determine                      
            reasonable business needs for retained earnings.  He therefore                              
            assigned a fair market value of zero to MIC as an ongoing business on                       
            the basis of this lack of dividend-paying capacity.  In so doing, Mr.                       
            Bergwerk disregarded an explicit instruction in Rev. Rul. 59-60, 1959-                      
            1 C.B. at 241, which points out that, where                                                 
                  an actual or effective controlling interest in a corporation                          
                  is to be valued, the dividend factor is not a material                                
                  element, since the payment of such dividends is                                       
                  discretionary with the controlling stockholders.  The                                 
                  individual or group in control can substitute salaries and                            
                  bonuses for dividends, thus reducing net income and                                   
                  understating the dividend-paying capacity of the company.                             
                  It follows, therefore, that dividends are less reliable                               
                  criteria of fair market value than other applicable factors.                          

            Even though a valuation derived from dividend-paying capacity is an                         
            inappropriate factor in this case, the relative lack of dividend-                           
            paying capacity cannot be entirely ignored in that it shows the extent                      
            to which petitioner was undercapitalized in those years--a factor that                      






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